Embedded System

Definition of Embedded System:

An embedded system is a special type of computer system that performs specific tasks within a larger device or machine. It is designed to operate with minimal human intervention and often has limited resources (e.g., power, processing capacity). Embedded systems typically consist of:

1. A microprocessor or microcontroller
2. Memory (ROM, RAM)
3. Input/Output peripherals (sensors, actuators, displays, etc.)
4. Software that runs on the processor

The software in an embedded system is often tailored to perform a specific function, such as controlling a motor, monitoring sensors, or displaying information. Embedded systems can be found in a wide range of devices, including:

• Consumer electronics (e.g., smartphones, televisions)
• Industrial equipment (e.g., robots, CNC machines)
• Medical devices (e.g., pacemakers, insulin pumps)
• Automotive systems (e.g., anti-lock braking systems, navigation systems)

Embedded System Examples

Examples of embedded systems include:

1. **Consumer electronics**:
* Smart home devices (e.g., thermostats, security cameras)
* Wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, fitness trackers)
* TVs, DVD players, and other multimedia devices
2. **Industrial control systems**:
* Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) for manufacturing automation
* Robotics and machine control systems
* Process control systems for oil refineries, chemical plants, etc.
3. **Medical devices**:
* Heart rate monitors and other medical wearable devices
* Portable defibrillators and insulin pumps
* Hospital equipment, such as ventilators and dialysis machines
4. **Automotive systems**:
* Engine control units (ECUs) for vehicle management
* Infotainment systems and navigation devices
* Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS)
5. **Aerospace and defense**:
* Navigation and communication systems for aircraft and spacecraft
* Missile guidance systems and military communication equipment